Journal: Nanoscale

Article Title: Nanoparticle-induced oxidation of corona proteins initiates an oxidative stress response in cells †

doi: 10.1039/c6nr09500c

Figure Lengend Snippet: Generation of ROS by TiO2 NPs in the dark. (A) Fluorescence spectra of H2DCF (5 μM) in response to ROS. TiO2 NPs (P25 (red) and E171 (black), both 400 μg mL−1), were incubated with H2DCF in the dark (1 h, RT). Auto-oxidation of H2DCF in blank samples (5 μM, green) results in the same signal as polystyrene (PS) NPs (20 pM, matched to the surface area of the TiO2 NPs, orange). (B) Fluorescence spectra of terephthalic acid (TA, 2 mM) in response to hydroxyl radicals. TiO2 NPs in the dark (P25 (red) and E171 (black), both 2 mg mL−1, 1 h, RT). No emission was observed from TA alone in blank samples (2 mM, green), similar to PS NPs (20 pM, orange). Isopropanol (4% v/v) scavenges the hydroxyl radicals produced by the TiO2 NPs in the dark (pink). (C) Decreased absorbance of NBT indicates the production of superoxide radicals. TiO2 NPs (2 mg mL−1, 1 h, RT) incubated with NBT in the dark (P25 (red) and E171 (black)). No change was observed from NBT alone in blank samples (2 mM, green) or polystyrene (PS) NPs (20 pM, orange). Superoxide dismutase (SOD, 5mM) scavenges the superoxide produced by the TiO2 NPs in the dark (pink). (D) EPR spectra of TiO2 NPs (10 mg mL−1, P25 (red) and E171 (black)) and PS NPs (100 pM, orange) with DMPO (0.02 M). Fenton-generated hydroxyl radicals (850 μM, green) were used as a positive control. For all light-based measurements, TiO2 NPs were removed (8000 rcf for 15 min, ×3) from solution prior to measurement.

Article Snippet: 2.9 Western blots After treatment with TiO 2 NPs (400 μg mL −1 , P25, E171, plasma-treated, or passivated) or oxidized corona-PS NPs (20 pM) for 24 hours, cells were lysed with a 1% Triton X-100 lysis buffer with a protease inhibitor (#78441, Halt, Pierce, Rockford, IL) for 30 min at 4 °C.

Techniques: Fluorescence, Incubation, Produced, Generated, Positive Control

Journal: Nanoscale

Article Title: Nanoparticle-induced oxidation of corona proteins initiates an oxidative stress response in cells †

doi: 10.1039/c6nr09500c

Figure Lengend Snippet: TiO2 NP-induced oxidation of serum proteins. (A) Absorption spectra of FBS alone (green) or FBS incubated with TiO2 NPs (P25 NPs are red, E171 NPs are black) and polystyrene (PS) NPs (orange) in the dark and then tagged with carbonyl-reactive DNPH. (B) The ratio of the 370 nm peak (DNPH) to the 280 nm peak (protein) quantifies the extent of oxidation. Error bars denote ± standard deviation for n = 3. ***p < 0.001, *p < 0.05, ns = non-significant. A comparison of the TiO2 NPs to the PS NPs has the same significance values as the TiO2 NPs to FBS.

Article Snippet: 2.9 Western blots After treatment with TiO 2 NPs (400 μg mL −1 , P25, E171, plasma-treated, or passivated) or oxidized corona-PS NPs (20 pM) for 24 hours, cells were lysed with a 1% Triton X-100 lysis buffer with a protease inhibitor (#78441, Halt, Pierce, Rockford, IL) for 30 min at 4 °C.

Techniques: Incubation, Standard Deviation

Journal: Nanoscale

Article Title: Nanoparticle-induced oxidation of corona proteins initiates an oxidative stress response in cells †

doi: 10.1039/c6nr09500c

Figure Lengend Snippet: Oxidized corona-polystyrene NP-induced changes in gene expression determined by RT-PCR. Fold changes represent 2 −ΔCT ratios between untreated HeLa cells and cells incubated with oxidized protein–polystyrene NPs. p < 0.05 for each gene, n = 3 distinct samples

Article Snippet: 2.9 Western blots After treatment with TiO 2 NPs (400 μg mL −1 , P25, E171, plasma-treated, or passivated) or oxidized corona-PS NPs (20 pM) for 24 hours, cells were lysed with a 1% Triton X-100 lysis buffer with a protease inhibitor (#78441, Halt, Pierce, Rockford, IL) for 30 min at 4 °C.

Techniques: Expressing, Incubation

Journal: Nanoscale

Article Title: Nanoparticle-induced oxidation of corona proteins initiates an oxidative stress response in cells †

doi: 10.1039/c6nr09500c

Figure Lengend Snippet: Western blotting of peroxiredoxin 4 following the treatment of HeLa cells with oxidized protein-polystyrene (PS) NPs (24 h, 20 pM). (A) Representative western blot of peroxiredoxin 4 (Prx4). Actin was used as a housekeeping control. Control cells, in the absence of NPs, were incubated with standard cell culture media (MEM + 10% FBS). (B) Densitometric analysis of triplicate samples shows a decrease in peroxiredoxin 4 for oxidized protein-polystyrene (PS) NP-treated cells (24 h, 20 pM, gray) compared to an untreated control (white). Error bars represent ± standard deviation, *p < 0.05.

Article Snippet: 2.9 Western blots After treatment with TiO 2 NPs (400 μg mL −1 , P25, E171, plasma-treated, or passivated) or oxidized corona-PS NPs (20 pM) for 24 hours, cells were lysed with a 1% Triton X-100 lysis buffer with a protease inhibitor (#78441, Halt, Pierce, Rockford, IL) for 30 min at 4 °C.

Techniques: Western Blot, Incubation, Cell Culture, Standard Deviation

Journal: Nanoscale

Article Title: Nanoparticle-induced oxidation of corona proteins initiates an oxidative stress response in cells †

doi: 10.1039/c6nr09500c

Figure Lengend Snippet: Increased or decreased surface defects correlate with ROS generation and oxidative stress. (A) XPS of untreated (red), plasma-treated (blue), and surface passivated (black) TiO2 NPs was used to monitor changes in oxygen vacancies in response to surface modification. Binding energies and peak areas are listed in Table S1.† (B) EPR spectra of control and surface-modified TiO2 NPs (10 mg mL−1) with DMPO (0.02 M). The TiO2 NP spectrum is replotted from Fig. 1 for comparison. (C) Fluorescence spectra of H2DCF (5 μM) in response to ROS. All TiO2 NPs (400 μg mL−1) were incubated with H2DCF in the dark (1 h, RT). Auto-oxidation of H2DCF (5 μM, green) results in a small positive signal. (D) Western blots were used to quantify changes in cellular oxidative stress as a function of surface modification of TiO2 NPs. The control shows cells incubated with standard cell culture media (MEM + 10% FBS). Experiments were carried out in triplicate. A representative western blot is shown in Fig. S5A.†

Article Snippet: 2.9 Western blots After treatment with TiO 2 NPs (400 μg mL −1 , P25, E171, plasma-treated, or passivated) or oxidized corona-PS NPs (20 pM) for 24 hours, cells were lysed with a 1% Triton X-100 lysis buffer with a protease inhibitor (#78441, Halt, Pierce, Rockford, IL) for 30 min at 4 °C.

Techniques: Modification, Binding Assay, Fluorescence, Incubation, Western Blot, Cell Culture

Journal: Journal of Nanoparticle Research

Article Title: Bioavailability and biodistribution of differently charged polystyrene nanoparticles upon oral exposure in rats

doi: 10.1007/s11051-015-3029-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: Whole-organ fluorescence following a single oral administration of 125 mg/kg bw PS-NPs. Pictures of kidney ( a ), small- ( b ) and large intestinal walls ( c ) at t = 6 h showing fluorescence under the illumination with wavelengths Ex/Em = 470/520 nm or 530/590 nm, for yellow-green (−P) PS-NPs and red (0, +, −M) PS-NPs, respectively. Control organs were collected from animals treated with only water. ( 0 ) neutral PS-NPs, (+) positively charged PS-NPs, (− M ) and (− P ) negatively charged PS-NPs from Magsphere and Polysciences, respectively. (Color figure online)

Article Snippet: Intact livers, kidneys, spleens, lungs, testes, small intestinal wall and large intestinal wall were scanned for fluorescence with a fluorescence imager (Cellavista V3.1, SynenTec Bio Services GmbH, Münster, Germany) using illumination at wavelengths Ex/Em = 470/520 nm or 530/590 nm, for yellow-green (−P) PS-NPs and red (0, +, −M) PS-NPs, respectively.

Techniques: Fluorescence, Control

Journal: Molecules

Article Title: Recent Advances in the Application of Bionanosensors for the Analysis of Heavy Metals in Aquatic Environments

doi: 10.3390/molecules29010034

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ) Schematic diagram of aptamer-IIP-Pb(II) preparation for detection of Pb(II), typical CV curves of bare GCE, AuNPs/GCE, aptamer/AuNPs/GCE, aptamer/MCH/AuNPs/GCE and Pb(II)/Aptamer/MCH/AuNPs/GCE . Reprinted with permission . Copyright 2022, Molecules. ( b ) Presentation diagram of the preparation process for the aptasensor and Pb 2+ detection, SEM image and TEM image of ZIF-8@ZIF-67 . Reprinted with permission . Copyright 2020, Biosensors. ( c ) The constructing process of the L-Cys/NN-CuO/N-rGO-modified electrode, electro-polymerized process of L-cysteine on the prepared NN-CuO/N-rGO/CPE by cyclic voltammetry for 10 cycles at the scan rate of 0.1 mV s −1 . Reprinted with permission . Copyright 2020, RSC advances. ( d ) Schematic diagram of AIEgen nanosphere-labeled aptamer combined with Zr-MOFs for detection of Pb 2+ , TEM image of AIEgen NPs and TEM image of MOF . Reprinted with permission . Copyright 20202, Biosensors.

Article Snippet: The other end of the Pb 2+ -specific cleavage site-containing DNA sequence was modified with an amino group (-NH 2 ) to bind to carboxylated AIEgen NPS synthesized from polystyrene nanoparticles (PS NPS) and aggregation-induced luminescent material (DSAI) to form dsDNA with a fluorescent group (AIEgen-DNA).When dispersed in solution, AIEgen emits a mild luminescence, but when aggregated, it emits a bright fluorescence.

Techniques: Modification, Labeling